Key points for diagnosis of canine urinary stones:

1. Bladder stones: difficulty urinating, hematuria, frequent urination, but only a small amount of urine is excreted each time. During bladder palpation, multiple stones may be felt rubbing against each other or hard bladder stones may be palpated. Cystitis may be complicated by urinalysis, which may be reflected by urinalysis. Abnormal findings include increases in white blood cells, red blood cells, and protein, often elevated pH, and urine containing a large number of bacteria.

2. Urethral stones: It is a complication of bladder stones. Frequent urination, but only a small amount of hematuria or no urine at all. The animal is restless, walking is uncomfortable and painful, and there is severe pain when palpating the bladder in the posterior abdomen. Uremia may occur in long-term anuria. Symptoms include depression, vomiting, ammonia smell in exhaled breath, dehydration, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, extremely distended bladder, and severe loss of elasticity, which may lead to bladder rupture. X-ray photography is of great diagnostic value for urinary system diseases caused by stones.

Preventive measures for canine urinary stones:

1. If a dog has bladder stones that have shown clinical symptoms, surgical incision of the bladder to remove the stones should be considered.

2. For urethral stones, retrograde urethral flushing can be performed. Insert the catheter into the dog's urethra, and then inject equal amounts of physiological saline and liquid paraffin into it while compressing the urethra at the pelvic edge. liquid. When the urethral pressure increases, quickly release and withdraw the urinary catheter, which can be repeated several times.

3. If retrograde flushing is unsuccessful, perform urethrotomy as soon as possible to remove the dog’s urethral stones.