Canine mange

Canine mange, also known as canine scabies, is caused by the parasitism of canine scabies mites or canine ear itch mites, of which the canine scabies mite is the most harmful. This disease is widely distributed around the world, mostly occurs in winter, and is common in dogs with poor skin hygiene.

Canine mite pathogen and its life history

(1) Canine scabies mite: light yellow, round, with a raised back and a flat ventrally. The size of male mites is 0.2~0.23 mmX0.14~0.19 mm; the size of female pupae is 0.33~0.45 mmX0.25~0.35 mm. There are 4 pairs of stubby legs on the ventral surface. The first, second and fourth pairs of legs of male mites and the first and second pairs of legs of female mites have suckers with handles on their tips. The suckers are trumpet-shaped, with long handles and no segments.
(2) Canine ear itch mites: oval in shape, the size of male mites is 0.32~0.38 mm; the size of female mites is 0.43~0.53 mm. Mouthparts short conical. There are 4 pairs of legs, which are longer. The ends of each pair of legs of the male mite and the ends of the first and second pairs of legs of the mite have suckers with handles. The handles are short and unsegmented. The entire development process of canine scabies mites and canine ear itch mites is spent on the animal body, including eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. The male mite has one nymphal stage and the female mite has two nymphal stages. Mite disease is mainly caused by direct contact between healthy dogs and sick dogs or indirect contact through kennels and utensils contaminated by mites and their eggs. The pathogen can also be spread through the clothing and hands of administrative or veterinary personnel.

Key points for diagnosis of canine mites

(1) Clinical symptoms: Sarcoptes, severe symptoms in puppies, first occurs on the bridge of the nose, cheeks, ear bases and armpits, etc. Later spread to the whole body. At first, the skin becomes red with small red nodules, which later turn into water scars. After the water scars rupture, thick yellow oily exudate flows out, and the exudate dries to form fish-like scabs. The affected area is severely itchy, and the sick dog often scratches the affected area with its claws or rubs it on the ground or various objects, resulting in severe hair loss. Ear itch mites parasitize the external ears of dogs, causing a large amount of ear fat secretion and lymph fluid leakage, and often lead to secondary suppuration. There is an itching sensation, and the sick dog keeps shaking its head, scratching its ears, barking, rubbing its ears on objects, and even causing bleeding in the external auditory canal. Sometimes a rotational movement is made to the side with more serious lesions. Later, the lesions may spread to the forehead and the back of the ear shell.
(2) Laboratory examination: When the symptoms are not obvious enough, the scab on the skin of the affected area can be taken to check whether there are insects. Inspection method: Use a scalpel to scrape off the scab at the junction of the disease and health until it bleeds slightly. Put the scraped disease material into a tube, add 10% caustic soda (or caustic potassium) solution, boil it, and wait until the hair and scab appear. After most of the skin and other solid matter has dissolved, let it sit for 20 minutes, suck the sediment from the bottom of the tube, drop it on a glass slide, and examine it with a low-power microscope.

Treatment of canine scabies

For canine scabies, you should first scrub the affected area with warm soapy water to remove dirt and scabs, and then apply one of the following drugs: The concentration of deltamethrin (5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, trade name: Beite) is 5Oppm;The usage concentration of pamiphos (trade name Saifudin) is 125~25Oppm; the usage concentration of diazinon (Diyanon, trade name Mitejing) is 2000~400Oppm; the usage concentration of dimethyl ether is 25Oppm.
When treating canine ear itch mites, you should first drop paraffin oil into the ear and massage gently to dissolve and eliminate the scab in the ear, and then use an oil with acaricide added (for example, 10 grams of realgar , 10 grams of sulfur, 100 ml of soybean oil, boil the soybean oil, add finely ground realgar and sulfur, wait until it warms, and apply it locally.
Ivermectin or coconidin injection can also be used, the dosage is 200 micrograms /kg body weight, subcutaneous injection. While treating sick dogs, the kennels and equipment should be thoroughly disinfected with acaricidal drugs, and the treated sick dogs should be placed in disinfected kennels for breeding. Since most mite-killing drugs for dogs have a negative effect on mite eggs The killing effect is poor, so it needs to be treated 2 to 3 times with an interval of 5 days each time to kill the newly hatched larvae.

Canine Mite Prevention

First , the kennel should be spacious, dry, light-transmitting and well-ventilated. It should be cleaned frequently and disinfected regularly (at least once every two weeks), and the feeding and management equipment should also be disinfected regularly.
Second, establish and strengthen external (new Supplementary) Quarantine system for military personnel and police dogs.
Third, sick dogs and healthy dogs should be raised and managed in isolation. Sick dogs that have been treated in isolation need to be kept in isolation for another 3 to 4 weeks. They can only be contacted with healthy dogs after they have recovered. .