Types of canine urolithiasis:

1. Infectious stones (struvite)

It is mainly composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate, sometimes Mix with calcium phosphate carbonate and ammonium urate. The stones vary widely in size and are dirty gray in color. Some brittle stones have a marl or pumice structure on the surface. Stones often have a large amount of matrix and are less hard.

2. Calcium stones

Calcium oxalate stones are the most common urinary stones in dogs. It is a tan, hard texture composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, more commonly mixed with calcium phosphate. Pure calcium oxalate is more common than pure calcium phosphate.

3. Uric acid stones

are composed of free uric acid. 75%-80% of uric acid stones are composed of pure uric acid, and the rest are composed of uric acid and calcium-containing stones (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate).

The color is yellow, brown or brown, the surface is smooth, the stones are round or oval, sometimes in the shape of fine granules. Most small stones are formed and have low hardness. Usually formed in acidic urine.

Simple uric acid stones are transparent to X-rays and often do not develop, while mixed stones are not transparent to X-rays and can be developed.

4. Cystine stones

The stones are yellow and waxy, with a smooth or granular surface and centripetal layering or radial stripes in cross-section. X-rays can pass through but are difficult to develop and are formed in acidic urine.

Treatment methods for canine urolithiasis:

1. Conservative treatment

Struvite: Currently, "Celatin" is mostly used in combination with Ammonium chloride acidifies and dissolves struvite.

Uric acid stones: Generally, "Celatin" is used together with potassium citrate to alkalize uric acid stones and then dissolve and expel them.

During the conservative treatment, pay attention to whether there are any foreign bodies excreted in the dog's urine and whether the color of the urine output improves and becomes normal.

2. Lithotripsy treatment

Calcium oxalate and other hard or larger stones dissolve slowly, so lithotripsy is often used. "Celatin" promotes the elimination of stones.

3. Surgical treatment

In serious cases, urine tests, blood tests, and X-ray examinations reveal a large number of stones and large stone diameters, and urinary obstruction or severe hematuria. Yes, you can cooperate with the doctor to perform surgical operations.