Pyometra in dogs is an acute or chronic disease that mostly occurs in dogs in the late stages of estrus. It is more common in adult dogs and is the most clinically prevalent obstetric disease in female dogs. According to clinical symptoms, it can be divided into atretic pyometra and pyometra. Open pyometra. So what are the causes of pyometra in dogs? And how to treat it?

Silky Terrier

Causes of pyometra in dogs:

1. Endometrial hyperplasia

Female dogs with a normal estrus cycle will have a two-week estrus period. At this time, the ovaries will secrete progesterone, and the endometrium will be stimulated by repeated contact with high concentrations of estrogen and progesterone. If you have not become pregnant, During the operation, the endometrium will proliferate.

2. Common Escherichia coli

The endometrium will secrete a lot of nutrients (highly nutritious substances. In order to get pregnant, the endometrium secretes a lot of nutrients to assist the implantation of the fertilized embryo and provide a basic source of nutrients). At this time, if the animal is in proestrus or During estrus, the cervix opens slightly, so vaginal bacteria can easily pass through the cervix and enter the uterus to multiply. The most common bacteria is E. coli.

3. Bacterial infection

Pyometra is a phenomenon in which these cyst-like structures in the endometrium are infected by bacteria and produce a large amount of secretions. After the sick dog was seriously infected by bacteria, it triggered a series of physiological reactions.

4. Impact of bacterial toxins

The toxins in the bacteria will further affect the operation of the heart, reduce the blood perfusion of the kidneys, and then lead to uremia. In severe cases, it will cause multiple organ failure and death of sick dogs.

Symptoms and treatment of pyometra in dogs

In the early stages of the disease, the appetite is generally not affected, the spirit and body temperature are normal, and the systemic symptoms of the affected dogs are not obvious. Generally, 15 to 30 days after infection, sick dogs will have an enlarged abdomen, depression, loss of appetite, polydipsia and polyuria, and sometimes vomiting. Open pyometra discharges a large amount of purulent secretions from the vulva, which is gray or reddish brown, often accompanied by a fishy odor. In atretic pyometra, there is no vaginal secretion, the abdominal circumference increases, and there is a fluctuating sensation on palpation. In long-term disease, the enlarged uterus compresses the diaphragm, resulting in increased respiratory rate. B-ultrasound examination of atretic pyometra shows that the thickness of the uterus on both sides is relatively uniform, forming more than two cystic masses, with thin and smooth walls, clear boundaries, and no echogenic areas in the contents. If the content contains many cellular components, scatteredclumps or scattered areas of strong echo. It is difficult to observe the echo image of the liquid in open pyometra. If the inflammation lasts for a long time, the uterine wall can be seen to be thickened 1 to 2 times, forming a strong reflection echo. On X-rays, it can be seen that the abdomen of the sick dog is obviously swollen and the density is generally increased, but the edge outline is not obvious.

Drug treatment is mainly used for open pyometra. Drugs are used to stimulate the contraction of uterine smooth muscle to promote the emptying of pyometra. Currently, drugs that can induce uterine smooth muscle contraction include oxytocin, prostaglandins, and ergot derivatives, among which prostaglandins are the most effective drugs for clinical treatment. When there is no secretion from the female dog’s vulva after a few days of treatment, the medication can be stopped. At the same time, antibiotics are used for systemic treatment. Cephalosporins can be injected intravenously at 25 to 35 mg/kg body weight. Oxytetracycline, tetracycline, or ciprofloxacin can also be injected into the uterus through the vagina. Surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries is the most effective way to treat this disease. Since the recurrence rate of pyometra in elderly female dogs is as high as more than 50%, ovariohysterectomy should be performed for female dogs that do not need breeding.

In view of the importance of this disease in the canine reproductive system, it is recommended that adult female dogs that do not need breeding should undergo ligation surgery as soon as possible, and all ovaries and uterus should be removed to avoid leaving residual tissue and causing the possibility of re-estrus, pregnancy and pyometra. , reduce the occurrence of the disease.

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