Lice is a permanent external parasite. There are two types of lice that parasitize the human body, human lice and pubic lice. Human lice are divided into two subspecies: human lice and human head lice.

Finnish Lapphund

​1. Form

The body of human lice is long and narrow, with flat dorsum and abdomen. ♀ can reach 4.4mm, ♂ is slightly smaller. The ends of male lice are approximately "V" shaped and the ends of female lice are "W" shaped.

The head is diamond-shaped and has a pair of antennae. The three segments of the thorax are healed and have three pairs of legs. The finger-like tibial processes on the inside of each tibial segment are opposite to the claws at the end, forming a powerful gripper.

Head lice are slightly smaller and darker in color than body lice.

Pubic lice are short, wide, and crab-shaped.

​2. Life history and ecological habits

Egg————Nymph————Adult

1.) Parasitic site of human head lice: hair, eggs are laid at the hair roots, most often behind the ears.

Human body lice: eggs are laid in the seams and pleats of close-fitting clothing and on the fabric fibers of clothing and pants.

Pubic lice: pubic hair, anal hair. Eyelashes are more common in other parts, and eggs are laid at the base of the hair.

2.) Habits related to disease transmission: blood-sucking characteristics; sensitive to temperature and humidity; fast crawling speed.

The egg is oval and white, commonly known as scorpion. The eggs are adhered to hairs or fibers, and their free ends are covered with pores and chambers.

3. Spreading diseases

Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii

4. Prevention

Strengthen health education, pay attention to personal hygiene, and achieve "four diligences"

Measures to eliminate lice: scalding, freezing, poisoning (20% alcohol infusion or 0.01% permethrin)

Relapsing fever is caused by Borrelia obesei

​FleaCommonly known as fleas and clam fleas. Parasitic on the body surface of warm-blooded animals.

1. Shape The left and right sides are flat. The head is triangular in shape, with a pair of antennae.In the tentacle fossa. The manes, hairs and combs all over the body grow backward. The feet are strong and well developed, good at jumping.

2. Life history

The life cycle of a flea is complete metamorphosis, including 4 stages: egg, larvae, pupa and adult.

When the pupa inside the cocoon emerges, it needs external stimulation. For example, the vibration of the air, the disturbance and contact pressure of approaching animals, and the increase in temperature can all induce the adults to break out of the cocoon.

3. Relationship with disease

In addition to causing blood-sucking and parasitism, fleas can also transmit a variety of diseases: 1. Yersinia pestis 2. Murine typhus Rickettsia morovoni 3. Taeniasis Micro-hymenometa tapeworm Micro-hymenometa tapeworm Canine tapeworm

4. Prevention

1.) 10%---30% Baibu + wine is made into Baibu tincture to kill adults and nymphs

2.)Lice-killing shampoo

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