Urinary system stones are a general term for stones in the kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Urinary system stones, referred to as urolithiasis, refer to the formation of particles or lump-like aggregates in the urinary system due to concentrated urine.

【Classification of urinary tract stones】

Bladder stones: Bladder stones refer to stones formed in the bladder, which are divided into primary bladder stones and secondary bladder stones.

Kidney stones: The so-called kidney stones refer to the formation of "stone"-like crystals in the kidneys. Most kidney stones are located in the renal pelvis and calyces, and renal parenchymal stones are rare.

Urethral stones: Most urethral stones come from stones in the bladder and kidneys. A few stones that originate in the urethra are often secondary to urethral stricture, urethral diverticulum, scaphoid fossa of the prostatic urethra or the external urethral orifice.

Ureteral stones: Most ureteral stones originate from the kidneys, including kidney stones or stone fragments falling after extracorporeal shock waves. Because urinary salt crystals are easily excreted into the bladder with urine, primary ureteral stones are extremely rare.

【Cause of stones】

Canine urolithiasis is a disease with a variety of pathological changes. Its etiology and formation process are extremely complex, involving the dog's eating habits, nutritional status, metabolic abnormalities, diseases, medication, foreign bodies in the urinary tract, and changes in urine. The ultimate manifestation is that the solute components in the urine are oversaturated, insoluble and precipitated to form crystals. After long-term accumulation, they precipitate into stones and deposit in a certain part of the urinary system to form urinary stones.

【Symptoms】

The main clinical manifestations of urinary stone disease are severe low back pain, traction on the lower abdomen, frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, cloudy urine, and even blood or gravel in the urine. The shadow of stones can be seen on plain abdominal X-ray, or the light cluster of stones can be seen on B-mode ultrasound examination.

【Prevention】

1. Ensure adequate drinking water: Insufficient drinking water will cause urine concentration, making the stone crystals in the urine in a supersaturated state, making it easier to form crystal precipitation, which can further increase the chance of stone formation.

2. Diet: Eat less chicken liver, pork liver, beef, lean pork, and foods containing high animal protein. This will lead to an increase in the phosphorus-to-calcium ratio in the feed, an increase in phosphorus levels in serum and urine, and the incidence of urinary stones. rate will increase.

3. Metabolic abnormalities cannot be controlled by diet, and auxiliary drugs are needed to control the development of stones.

【Summary】

When dogs are found to have frequent urination, painful urination, cloudy urine, hematuria, etc.When symptoms occur, the dog needs to be sent to the pet hospital for examination as soon as possible to avoid delaying the dog’s treatment time and aggravating the condition.