Can cats also get diabetes? Diagnosis and treatment of feline diabetes! Feline diabetes refers to a nutritional metabolic syndrome caused by defective insulin secretion or impairment of its biological effects, or both. The clinical symptoms of this disease are three more, one low and one high, namely polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss and elevated blood sugar. Clinically, the incidence of feline disease is not high, but with the increase in the number of pet cats in recent years, coupled with the increase in pet snack varieties, the number of obese cats has increased, and the incidence of diabetes has also increased. This article shares with you the diagnosis and treatment of feline diabetes.

Figure 1 The sick cat is listless and slightly dehydrated

1. Incidence situation

Brown pear blossom (detailed introduction) cat, ten Year-old female cat, weighing 9 kilograms. In recent days, the pet owner has discovered that the cat has lost appetite and is listless. Recently, the cat has increased appetite for drinking, increased urine output, the urine smells of rotten apple, and has significantly lost weight. Currently, the cat only has the smell of rotten apples. 5 kg, he was taken to our hospital for treatment. A general clinical examination revealed that the cat was lethargic, lethargic, emaciated, and slightly dehydrated. The abdominal circumference is significantly increased, the abdomen feels undulating when palpated, the abdominal wall is tense, and there is constant wailing during palpation.

Figure 2 There is a fluctuating sensation in the abdomen during palpation

2. Laboratory tests

1. Routine blood tests

The analysis results of routine blood tests are as follows:

Table 1 Routine blood tests

It can be seen from the table that all values ​​are higher than normal values.

2. Serum biochemical test

The blood biochemical test analysis results are as follows:

Table 2 Blood biochemical test

The results in the table are as follows: Glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and globulin were all elevated compared with normal reference values; Albumin is lower than normal and A/G is reduced.

3. Urine test

Use Mindray urine analyzer for urine analysis. The analysis results are as follows: Urine specific gravity is less than 1 . 00, the urine pH value is 6.1, the glucose level is less than 1300 U/L, the urine ketone body is less than 85 mg/dL, and the urinary occult blood and white blood cells are positive., 2 consecutive morning urine urinalysis tests were performed to obtain stable results, urine glucose and urine ketone body tests were both positive.

4. Imaging examination

Use an X-ray machine to conduct a lateral abdominal examination. The examination results are: The abdominal uterine horn is enlarged and filled with gray shadows. Liquid.

5. B-ultrasound examination

Use B-ultrasound machine for abdominal examination. The examination results are: abdominal uterine horn enlargement, uterine wall thickening, and black liquid. Shadow.

3. Clinical diagnosis

After consultation, it was found that the cat had been obese before the onset of the disease and often ate meat and meat with high fat content. Fish, based on the general clinical symptoms and general clinical physical examination, the disease can be initially diagnosed as diabetes complicated with pyometra. Combined with the results of urinalysis and serum biochemical examination, the cat can be diagnosed withHave diabetes. If the globulin and albumin in the serum are lower than normal, the possibility of complications from other diseases can be considered. Routine blood tests showed that the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and neutrophils were all higher than normal. Combined with the results of X-ray imaging and B-ultrasound examination, the disease was diagnosed as diabetes complicated with pyometra.

4. Treatment

According to the examination of this cat, the treatment plan is to use insulin to lower blood sugar, use lipid-lowering drugs to lower blood lipids, and infuse fluids to correct blood pressure. Electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders, combined with symptomatic treatment and dietary therapy. After physical recovery, hysterectomy and oophorectomy are performed if the examination results permit.

1. Insulin combined with hypoglycemic drug treatment

Use synthetic long-acting insulin to subcutaneously inject 8U half an hour before feeding in the morning and evening, and take 1.6 mg of hypoglycemic insulin orally after meals, once a day ; Lipingzhi, taken orally 2 times a day. Adjust the morning and evening insulin dosage based on basal blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar levels. Measure blood sugar levels regularly, and adjust the morning and evening dosage ratio based on the relative levels of blood sugar levels after breakfast and dinner until blood sugar fluctuations are controlled within the normal range.

Figure 4 Insulin can lower blood sugar

2. Daily feeding and management

Feed Royal Diabetes prescription cat food regularly and quantitatively every day, control the total water intake, and take Drink small amounts of water frequently. Do not adjust to your daily eating habits until your blood sugar returns to the normal range.

3. Symptomatic therapy and control of secondary infection

Intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer's solution and normal saline. Since polyuria and ketoacidosis are easily accompanied by hypokalemia, an appropriate amount of potassium chloride solution should be added during intravenous infusion based on the animal's urine output and ketone body examination results, and antibiotics such as ceftriaxone sodium should be given to control infection.

Figure 5 Special insulin syringe

4. Hysterectomy and oophorectomy

After a period of treatment, the cat’s physical condition gradually recovered and basically met the requirements. Hysterectomy and oophorectomy are performed under surgical conditions. Under general anesthesia with supine Baoding and breathing anesthesia machine, the abdominal cavity is routinely opened, the uterus is found, the mesoovary is ligated, the broad ligament of the uterus is separated, the uterine body is ligated and removed, and the abdominal wall incision is routinely closed. After the operation, systemic antibiotics were used for 7 days, painkillers were given, and a cervical collar was put on.

V. Discussion and Summary

1. Obesity is a cause of diabetes. The increase in blood sugar concentration caused by diabetes stimulates the hypothalamic feeding center and causes an increase in appetite. , it also increases plasma osmotic pressure and blood vessel permeability, causing clinical urine glucose testing to be positive; at the same time, due to the reduced ability to decompose glucose, the body cannot use enough glucose as energy, causing the relative energy consumption to increase, and glucose is excreted and taken away through urine The body's water content also increases, which ultimately leads to an increase in the body's desire to drink, weight loss and weight loss, as well as a decrease in immunity and abnormal secretion of hormones in the uterus, which acts onDamage to the mucosa of the uterine wall, followed by bacterial infection, causes uterine serous exudative inflammation. As the accumulation of fluid increases, feline diabetes complicated by pyometra occurs.

2. When treating diabetes in cats, you must pay attention to the dosage of insulin. Excessive dosage will cause iatrogenic hypoglycemia. The dosage of insulin should be injected according to the blood sugar measured every day, and the injection time should be fixed about half an hour before feeding. In cats complicated by pyometra, toxins in the uterus are absorbed into the body, causing septicemia and death. Therefore, while treating diabetes, we should control the lesions of pyometra and use systemic antibiotics to control secondary infections.

3. The treatment of diabetes should attach great importance to the treatment of complications, and once symptoms similar to diabetes are found, they should be treated as early as possible to avoid delaying the best time for treatment.