Cats

Complications in the treatment of renal failure in cats are popular science, from the personal experience of the shit shovel officer! Renal failure is an extremely common internal medical disease in pets, because there are many causes of renal failure. Therefore, there are many mistakes in diagnosis and treatment, and there are many complications after renal failure, which are related to almost all major systems in the body. If these questions are not clarified, it will be difficult for us to treat animals with renal failure, and the probability of the pet’s recovery will also be greatly reduced.

1. To identify acute and chronic renal failure, you can start from the following points:

Look at whether the body muscles of the sick animals are plump. Generally, animals with chronic renal failure become emaciated and their back muscles atrophy due to a period of uremia damage and consumption.

Consultation: The onset of acute renal failure is more rapid, vomiting symptoms occur more frequently, and when the urea nitrogen is high, although the smell of ammonia can be smelled in the mouth, the incidence of secondary oral ulcers is low. .

Imaging examination: X-ray examination, the size of the kidney usually increases or remains unchanged in acute renal failure, but the opposite is true in chronic renal failure; B-ultrasound examination, the renal cortex and medulla changes in acute renal failure Much smaller than chronic renal failure.

Routine blood examination shows anemia in some cases of chronic renal failure, and rare cases of acute renal failure.

Electrolyte examination shows that hypokalemia is common in the polyuric phase of chronic renal failure, while hyperkalemia is common in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure.

2. Complications of renal failure:

1. Nervous system

BUN/CRE increases, leading to nerve cell degeneration. Causes blood pressure to rise, eventually causing cerebral edema.

2. Movement system

Mainly bones. Renal failure causes hyperparathyroidism, and stimulation of large amounts of phosphorus ions causes decreased blood calcium and impaired VD utilization and absorption. Caused lesions: osteomalacia, fibrinous osteitis, bone pain, joint pain, etc.

3. Digestive system

The lesions of the digestive system are the most obvious. Urea decomposes to produce blood ammonia, which can irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive tract and cause ulcers and bleeding in the digestive system. Coupled with long-term anorexia, vomiting, and large amounts of gastric acid secretion, it eventually leads to gastric damage.

4. Respiratory system

Urea enters the lungs with blood circulation, causing fibrinous pneumonia, pleurisy, cough, etc. Hyperparathyroidism causes alveolar calcification. Accelerated breathing, excessive breathing, causing acidosis. Heart failure, water retention, and hypoalbuminemia can cause pulmonary edema.

5. Circulatory system

Because acidosis, hypertension, and toxic substances such as uric acid damage the myocardium, it may cause myocardial degeneration, pericardial effusion, and heart failure.

6. Nutritional metabolism

Chronic consumption, decreased blood sugar, and abnormal protein metabolism. Weight loss, dehydration.

7. Integumentary system

Skin calcification, melanin deposition, skin ecchymoses, and coarse hair.

Confirm every caseIn cases of renal failure, you must remember to do a B-ultrasound examination. Especially the B-ultrasound examination of the kidneys. Look at the shape of the kidney, the thickness of the cortex and medulla, as well as the scales, renal cones, etc., and whether there are abnormal structures and lesions.

3. Treatment

When the body’s blood pressure drops and cardiac output is insufficient, animals are at risk of shock and death at any time. In this case, inotropic drugs such as digoxin and pimobendan must be used promptly and decisively. Dopamine, ligustrazine hydrochloride, 654-2, etc. can be used to raise blood pressure. These drugs can effectively improve renal perfusion.

After treatment of acute renal failure, renal function can remain above 25%, and lifelong treatment may not be needed. If it is less than 25%, it will turn into chronic renal failure, and you may face long-term, lifelong medication.

A reasonable diet, meticulous care by the owner, and complete systematic follow-up treatment are all necessary factors for the continued survival of kidney failure cases.